Miemo & Friends

Hereby, a proposal regarding commuting bicycles is to be proposed. The idea of vehicles running on compressed air is not new, not even the idea of using this propulsion system on bicycles. But before my proposal is explained please note that a bicycle is a human powered vehicle and it must remain human powered, unless it is not a bicycle! Hence by using a propulsion sys we mean, preparing an auxiliary power supply. Applying electric devices for this purpose seems to be less practical for the weight of today batteries and for the immutable importance of weight of bicycles in overcoming ascends. Based on a look at the current efforts to realize this idea; I propose using tanks of compressed air (CA) embedded in the frame of the bicycle to save space and to have a better look; made of composite; however spherical or cylindrical volumes are preferred by a mechanics of material point of view. Besides, I propose to place a small compressor in an adjusted front hub to form up a regenerative system applicable in braking and downhill. Nevertheless implementing devices to charge the tank at home is a must. Also please note that a saving appropriate for about 1 to 2 hours is enough as auxiliary power supply for commuting purpose. I hope these proposals improve the idea of benefiting from compressed air technology (CAT) in bicycles.

The sweetheart Patrick Swayze (1952-2009), one of my favorite actors died from pancreatic cancer. I’ve enjoyed watching two films of him, “the Ghost” and “city of joy”. I propose you to watch them

The afghan leader Ahmad Shah Masoud was assassinated by two men as journalists on September 9, 2001 just two days before the nine eleven disasters.

The man to the left of the above picture was kidnapped August, 31^st, 1978. He was on a trip from Libya to Italy. He is not yet found after 31 years!

Mechanical engineering gave me the opportunity of understanding the effect of quality on quantities and their role to form up components of a value. Mathematically the result of multiplication of a quantity and its quality is a value. As shown in the above table, the force of tension is the quality for the amount of achieved velocity when the power is the required value for acceleration. This is the same for torque as playing the role of quality for angular velocity when rotational acceleration and its needed power are of our concern. Also the amount of the difference in electric potential in volt is the quality of the quantity of the transferred electric charges in ampere. Similarly head of the flow is the quality of the flow of a fluid, if the flow rate is considered as quantity and also in ideal thermodynamics cycles where no entropy generation exists in processes such is work and heat transfer; the multiplication of temperature as a representation of quantity for energy and entropy as its quality will result in the amount of heat transfers and eventually work done by the system. Hence multiplication of the above quantities and relative qualities will result in the amount of the converted energy or its rate and literally the mentioned value. Nevertheless the concept of quality and quantity applies to many other examples such as economy. It is also productive if I offer you to pay more attention to how results of statistics are reported by reporters or politicians. To pay attention whether the numbers refer to values or refer to quantities neglecting qualities!

Final moment brake is an idea to prevent car killing accidents right at the final moment before the crash takes place. The intention of this idea is to contrive a system which will avoid collisions, roll-overs, falling down in valleys and to suppress the consequences of any miss-controls susceptible of damages. As far as I know there can be two sources of flaws causing an accident; 1^st: the vehicle encountering a problem in its control including the driver, steering system … which is not of our concern here. At least because of that, by today you can find sensors, radars and fast controlling systems, capable of remedying many flaws in controlling the vehicle. 2^nd: the inability of the vehicle in releasing its kinematics energy in a sufficient interval of time. Between the known forces we must be looking for an appropriate one to propose a solution for this problem. As we know this inability arises because of the limitation of the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road. In the best case the A.B.S. will allow us to approach this limit. But up today it’s been impossible to go beyond this limit; maybe we can call Airbags as a partial solution to this problem at least to smooth the impact forces in accidents. But still car and bus passengers get killed in severe crashes. Besides, this immutable fact still put an obligation on car designers to design heavier vehicle even using the advanced technology which is present today.

It is considerable that when we are to stop a vehicle in a very little time, logically in the final moment before the crash, we require a tremendous power since a large amount of kinematics energy must be released in about a second. Between the forces; an electro-magnetic one seems to propose no solution since large devices can be involved supplying this big power. Between the aerodynamic forces this is the same, we need a big difference in speed or a large surface like a parachute which seems to be less practical. Using reaction forces we may implement and apply jets, but this solution also induce a major difficulty in the control of the vehicle, beside it doesn’t prevent falling down in valleys. Having a look on naval aviation directs us in using mechanical forces like the arresting cables. But to use such this device for cars and buses we may need to install the device all over the roads which is impractical. But having another look on sea hunting we encounter using harpoons. But here we are to use harpoons to be fired into the road not into any whale! Hence the device is possible to be installed on the vehicles. So it can be a solution to prevent car killing accidents.

Two other ways to find this distance is to find the shortest normal using the cross multiplication of vectors. The other is to find the distance of a random point on the line and the mentioned point outside the line (P) based on a variable; say t. then differentiating that formula with respect to t, equating it with zero to find the minimum. Finding the t making the minimum will show up the unique point on the line with least distance to the point (P), which is the desired answer of the problem.

The other way is to assume two random but different values for t (the variable parameter of the line), hence assuming two different points (A & B) on the line. Forming up an imaginary triangle in space; it is possible to calculate its area in two ways. One revealing known, the other unknown results, but equating them will result in finding the unknown portion which is the desired distance as illustrated above.

In thermodynamics courses when we are about converting heat to mechanical work; we encounter the concept of entropy and the quality of energy versus its quantity. When the entropy of a system is discussed; we are directed to the generation of entropy in actual but not ideal processes and cycles. Generation of entropy is the quantified and scientific way to express degradation in quality of energy and addition of irregularity to the system. It is also stated that for a system, the only way to loose entropy is the loss of heat. Also in the textbooks it is noticed that since, whole universe is a closed system and has no way to loose heat; hence the entropy of the universe is increasing and finally this increment will come to an end and possibly a process in reverse will begin.

Hear I have an idea: The term entropy is bound to energy, Besides based on the Einstein’s well-known formula E=mC² about conservation of the total amount of mass and energy; We may conclude that converting energy to mass is the other way to loose entropy; it also can be the only way of consuming entropy versus its generation.

But based on my lack of knowledge! And as far as I know fission and fusion are two ways of converting mass to energy but how about the reverse process of the equation E=mC²? I’m not sure! Maybe as Stephen Hawking has professed about the vaporization of black-holes, some portion of the gravitational energy of the black-hole is converted into mass outside the Schwarzschild radius. Therefore if there is a way to convert energy to mass so we can think of consuming and decreasing entropy other than heat loss.

Besides, as entropy is the quality of energy and moment of inertia is the quality of mass when rotation is involved; hence we can imagine that the entropy of the black-hole is transformed to increment in its moment of inertia since mass is added to it, in a radius and in case the black-hole is a rotating mass. Thus, we can imagine how to convert entropy to moment of inertia during conversion of energy to mass! But to insert some more flaws to this imagination we can ask whether entropy is entitled to any form of energy and whether any form of energy can be converted to mass and by the other hand whether both rotating and none-rotating black-holes involve vaporization.